I. Project Overview
1.1 Introduction
Atmel is a leading global semiconductor design and manufacturer specializing in microcontrollers and complementary products such as capacitive touch sensing ICs, ASICs, non-volatile memories and radio frequency (RF) devices. The company has one of the industry's broadest intellectual property core (IP) technology resources to provide a comprehensive solution for the electronics industry. Atmel focuses on the consumer electronics, industrial, automotive, security, communications and computing markets. By providing tools and support, Atmel helps customers in different sectors to secure market leadership with smaller, smarter, more cost-effective and more diverse electronic products. The EVK1100 is an evaluation kit and development system based on the AVR32 AT32UC3A microcontroller developed by ATMEL. It is equipped with a wide range of peripherals, memory, and fully exploits the full potential of the AVR32 device. This design is based on Atmel's EVK1100 development platform, designed for the indoor environment "safeguards", which is designed to detect the concentration of common harmful gases in the living room, and alarm when the harmful gas content exceeds the standard, so that people can take timely Measures to prevent the spread of hazards and to protect the indoor environment.
1.2 Project Background / Motivation
With the improvement of people's living standards and the expansion of fully renovated homes, the quality control of indoor environment has attracted more and more attention from all walks of life, and people also need safe and comfortable homes. Indoor air quality is directly related to the physical and mental health of the occupants and work efficiency. CCTV "Today's Statement" has reported that due to indoor pollution, it has not been discovered in time to cause attention, which eventually leads to a vicious event of leukemia. Indoor polluted air can increase opportunities for long-term and short-term health problems. The family room is the place where most people live outside the workplace. Therefore, it is especially important to check the safety of the indoor environment. There are existing instruments for indoor environment on the market, which are bulky, expensive, and functional. According to market research, residents are in great need of an instrument for detecting indoor temperature and humidity and indoor formaldehyde. This paper is based on this need to design a multi-parameter portable detector that integrates indoor environmental pollutants (formaldehyde, CO, CO2) detection, illuminance, temperature and humidity detection.
Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent gas with strong odor and is one of the representative pollutants of indoor air. Formaldehyde is a virgin toxicant that has an important impact on human health. Studies have shown that formaldehyde can bind to proteins. After inhaling high concentrations of formaldehyde, severe respiratory irritation and edema, eye irritation, headache, and bronchial asthma can occur. Direct contact with formaldehyde can cause dermatitis, pigmentation, and necrosis. Frequent inhalation of small amounts of formaldehyde can cause chronic poisoning, mucosal congestion, skin irritation, atopic dermatitis, nail keratosis and fragility, and pain in the nail bed. Long-term inhalation of pregnant women may cause deformity or even death of newborn babies. Lead to male sperm deformity, death, decreased sexual function, severe can lead to leukemia, pneumothorax, lack of reproductive capacity, systemic symptoms are headache, fatigue, poor appetite, palpitations, insomnia, weight loss and autonomic disorders. Various artificial boards (particleboard, fiberboard, plywood, etc.) contain formaldehyde because of the use of a urea-formaldehyde binder. The production of new furniture, the laying of walls and floors, the use of adhesives. Wherever a large amount of adhesive is used, there is always a release of formaldehyde. In addition, some chemical fiber carpets and paints also contain a certain amount of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde can also come from cosmetics. Cosmetics, detergents, insecticides, disinfectants, preservatives, printing inks, paper, textile fibers and other chemical light industrial products. Therefore, the measurement of the formaldehyde content in the living room becomes particularly important.
The content of CO2 in normal air is about 0.03% to 0.04%. When the indoor air exchanges well with the outdoor air, the concentration of CO2 in the indoor air usually does not reach the state of subjective discomfort. However, when the indoor CO2 concentration is greater than 1.5%, it may cause difficulty in breathing and respiratory rate, change blood pH, and weaken the activity of the human body. When the concentration is more than 3%, it may cause headache, dizziness and nausea. When the concentration is more than 6% to 8%, it may cause coma and death. CO2 is a common pollutant in the living room. When the concentration reaches 0.07%, a few sensitive people will feel the bad smell and feel uncomfortable. The level of CO2 concentration can be used to indicate the cleanliness of indoor air and whether the ventilation is good. The indoor CO2 concentration should be kept below 0.07%, and the maximum should not exceed 0.1%.
Indoor CO is mainly derived from smoking, incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels, and the like. When there is no indoor source, the content of indoor CO is the same as that of the outdoor, and it is maintained at 3~10ml/m3. Since CO does not penetrate the skin, its effects on human health are mainly achieved through the respiratory system. CO can combine with hemoglobin to form hydroxyhemoglobin (COHb), but the binding ability of CO to hemoglobin is much greater than that of O2, which is 200 times that of O2. When O2 and CO coexist, hemoglobin preferentially binds to CO, which restricts O2. Spread in the blood. CO can have a detrimental effect on the heart, lungs and nervous system. When the concentration of COHb is 10%, it mainly causes cardiovascular disease, leading to central nervous system disorder; when the concentration is 2.5%, it can aggravate the symptoms of patients with chest pain.
The design of this paper is based on this need and is suitable for the determination of common harmful gas concentration in the living room. The instrument can guide people to take timely measures to change the indoor air quality to protect human health. It can simultaneously detect on-site detection of common polluting gases (formaldehyde, CO2, CO) and temperature and humidity in indoor air environment, and it is easy to operate and reasonable in design.
Second, the demand analysis
2.1 Functional requirements
Formaldehyde is an air pollutant widely present indoors and outdoors. In addition, indoor air pollutants mainly include CO and CO2. Formaldehyde is the most common and representative aldehyde compound in the room. The indoor formaldehyde concentration depends on the properties of the building materials and the environmental conditions at the time of testing, and usually ranges from 0.02 to 0.50 mg/m3 or higher. The artificial boards used for interior decoration such as plywood, blockboard, medium density fiberboard and particleboard contain formaldehyde, and the newly renovated living room formaldehyde can reach up to 9.09mg/m3. Based on this, the detection instrument designed in this paper is required to be able to detect indoor indoor formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and other common indoor harmful gas concentrations, and at the same time to be able to detect and display the indoor environment temperature and humidity conditions closely related to human health, and set by button The detection gas upper limit alarm value and the type of the gas to be detected are selected, and the gas concentration to be measured is displayed through the liquid crystal. When the measured gas concentration exceeds the standard, the sound and light alarm will be performed in time.
In addition to use in the family room, the instrument can also be used in offices, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, high-end hotels and other places or other places with high air quality requirements to determine the harmful gas content. With the reduction of the price of formaldehyde sensors, the increase of home decoration, and the improvement of people's quality of life, this multi-function tester will have a wider application prospect.
2.2 Performance requirements
The performance requirements of the instrument are mainly based on the actual situation (the indoor air quality standard value and temperature and humidity conditions) to determine the test performance index requirements. The maximum allowable concentration of formaldehyde in the living room air is 0.08 mg/m3, and the maximum allowable concentration of formaldehyde in public places is 0.10 mg/m3.
1. Formaldehyde: Measuring range: 0~10ppm Resolution: ±0.05 ppm
2. CO2 detection: measuring range: 0~2,000ppm, detection accuracy: ±30ppm
3, CO detection, measuring range: 0 ~ 1000ppm, resolution: ± 0.5ppm
4, temperature measurement: measuring range: -10 ~ 60 ° C, detection accuracy: ± 1 ° C
5, humidity measurement: measurement range: 0 ~ 95% RH, detection accuracy: ± 5% RH
6, AC power supply, sound and light alarm, LCD display the actual concentration of the measured gas
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