A base station, that is, a public mobile communication base station, is a form of a radio station, and refers to a radio transceiver station that performs information transmission with a mobile telephone terminal through a mobile communication switching center in a certain radio coverage area. The construction of mobile communication base stations is an important part of the investment of mobile communication operators in China. The construction of mobile communication base stations is generally carried out around the elements of coverage, call quality, investment efficiency, construction difficulty and maintenance. With the development of mobile communication network services in the direction of data and packetization, the development trend of mobile communication base stations must also be broadband, large coverage construction and IP.
The main function of the base station is to provide wireless coverage, that is, to realize wireless signal transmission between the wired communication network and the wireless terminal. Therefore, the location of the base station in the communication network is as shown in the figure below.
The forward signal transmission process is as follows:
1. The control signaling, voice call or data service information on the core network side is sent to the base station through the transmission network (in the 2G, 3G network, the signal is first transmitted to the base station controller and then transmitted to the base station).
2. The signal is processed by the baseband and radio frequency on the base station side, and then sent to the antenna through the RF feeder for transmission.
3. The terminal receives the radio wave transmitted by the antenna through the wireless channel, and then demodulates the signal belonging to itself.
The reverse signal transmission process is opposite to the forward flow, but the principle is similar.
Each base station may contain one or more sectors depending on the connected antenna. The coverage of the base station sector can reach several hundred to several tens of kilometers. However, in densely populated areas, coverage is usually controlled to avoid interference with adjacent base stations.
The baseband and RF processing capabilities of the base station determine that the physical structure of the base station consists of two parts: the baseband module and the radio frequency module. The baseband module mainly performs functions such as modulation and demodulation of baseband, allocation of radio resources, call processing, power control, and soft handover. The RF module mainly performs the conversion between the air frequency channel and the baseband digital channel, and the functions of amplifying, transmitting and receiving the RF channel.
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