Life characteristics: Light sources generally need to be used continuously. In order to maintain consistent image processing, the vision system must ensure consistent, consistent images over time.
Contrast: Contrast is very important for machine vision. The most important task of illumination for machine vision applications is to create maximum contrast between features that need to be observed and image features that need to be ignored, thereby facilitating the differentiation of features. Contrast is defined as having a sufficient amount of grayscale difference between the feature and the area around it. Good lighting should be able to ensure that features that need to be detected stand out from other backgrounds.
Spectral characteristics: The color of the light source and the color of the surface of the measuring object determine the size and wavelength of the light energy reflected to the camera. White light or a particular spectrum may be a more important factor in extracting characteristic information from other colors. When analyzing multi-color features, color temperature is a more important factor when choosing a light source.
Brightness: When choosing two sources, the best option is to choose the brighter one. When the light source is not bright enough, there may be three bad conditions. First of all, the camera's signal-to-noise ratio is not enough; because the brightness of the light source is not enough, the contrast of the image is not enough, and the possibility of noise on the image increases. Secondly, the brightness of the light source is not enough, and the aperture must be increased, thereby reducing the depth of field. In addition, when the brightness of the light source is insufficient, the random light such as natural light will have the greatest influence on the system.
Uniformity of the source: Uneven light can cause uneven reflections. Uniformity is related to three aspects. 1 For the field of view, it should be uniform in the field of view of the camera. Simply put, the dark areas of the image are the lack of reflected light, and the bright spot is where the reflection is too strong. 2 Uneven light will cause more light in parts of the field of view than in other areas. As a result, the surface of the object is not uniformly reflected (assuming that the reflection of light on the surface of the object is the same). 3 A uniform light source compensates for the angular change of the surface of the object. Even if the geometry of the surface of the object is different, the reflection of the light source in each part is uniform.
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