As an energy storage device, a power battery is a core component of an electric vehicle. Its performance directly affects the market application of electric vehicles and the acceptance of ordinary consumers, such as safety, energy density, power density, life and cost. At present, the research and development and industrialization of power batteries around the world are mainly concentrated in three regions, namely in Germany, the United States, and East Asia where China, Japan and Korea are located. The production of lithium-ion power batteries is currently concentrated in three countries: China, Japan and Korea. .
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From a technical and industrial perspective, Japan is still leading the way in technology. South Korea has the largest market share in terms of market share. China has the largest number of battery companies and the largest capacity. There are four main areas for the industrialization of power battery in China: the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, the Central Plains, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. More than 100 power battery companies have carried out research and development and industrialization of power batteries and battery systems, surpassing 100 billion industrial capital investment, forming an annual production capacity of more than 40 billion watt-hours, and progressing in technology research and development and industrialization.
Now, let's take a closer look at the power battery. On the power battery, what supporting policies are available in the country.
Industrial development stage
In 2020, the technology upgrade phase. The new lithium-ion battery is industrialized. The specific energy of the energy-type lithium-ion battery cell reaches 350Wh/kg, and the energy ratio of the power-power type battery cell reaches 200Wh/kg. The power battery realizes intelligent manufacturing, the performance and quality of the product are greatly improved, and the cost is significantly reduced. The economy of the pure electric vehicle is basically the same as that of the conventional gasoline vehicle, and the plug-in hybrid vehicle enters the popular application stage.
In 2025, the stage of industrial development. Significant progress has been made in new power battery technology. The development of the power battery industry is in line with the international advanced level, forming 2-3 large-scale power battery companies with strong international competitiveness, and the international market share reaches 30%. New system battery technologies such as solid-state batteries, lithium-sulfur batteries, and metal-air batteries have continuously made breakthroughs, and the specific energy has reached more than 400Wh/kg.
In 2030, the industry matures. The new system battery has been put into practical use, and the specific energy of the battery cell has reached more than 500Wh/kg, and the cost has further decreased; the power battery technology and industrial development are at the international leading level.
For a considerable period of time in the future, China's energy-saving and new-energy vehicles will focus on the popularization of new energy vehicles such as plug-in hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles, and they are eagerly expecting power batteries to reduce costs and improve performance. Research and development of new lithium-ion batteries and new system batteries, improving the intelligent manufacturing level of power batteries, perfecting verification test methods and standard systems are not only the development needs of China's energy-saving and new-energy vehicles, but also the key task of China's power battery development, and it is urgent.
Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of common power batteries
At present, there are four main technical routes for transportation power sources: lithium ion batteries, hydrogen fuel cells, super capacitors and aluminum air batteries. Lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors and hydrogen fuel cells are widely used, and aluminum-air batteries are still in the laboratory research stage. For energy replenishment, lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors are suitable for pure electric vehicles, but require external charging, while hydrogen fuel cell vehicles require external hydrogen filling, and aluminum air batteries require additional aluminum plates and electrolytes. For the time being, lithium-ion batteries still have to occupy a major development space for a long period of time in the future.
Lithium batteries are also in their own way
As far as the power battery is concerned, at present, the ternary lithium battery and the lithium iron phosphate battery and the lithium titanate battery have applications in the electric vehicle field.
Due to the high capacity density of the ternary lithium battery and the relatively long cruising range, domestic car manufacturers have turned to ternary lithium batteries, including Beiqi, BYD and Jianghuai. However, the ternary lithium battery has the disadvantages of poor safety, poor high temperature resistance and poor life. At the beginning of 2016, it was also stopped by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the ternary lithium battery bus was suspended for the list of recommended models for the promotion of new energy vehicles.
Compared with ternary batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries are more and more active in the electric bus market due to their stable safety performance, high temperature performance and light weight. However, the low temperature performance is poor, the tap density of the positive electrode material is small, and the like, and there is no advantage in the micro battery.
There is also a battery, which is the fiery lithium titanate battery that was recently fired by Miss Dong. The power battery that had not received much attention from the market has also gone from behind the scenes to the stage.
Lithium titanate batteries are also the longest and safest batteries in lithium batteries. On the life cycle, ordinary lithium-ion batteries are about 1000-2000 cycles, and lithium titanate is 30,000 cycles, which is 15 times that of the former. However, the battery of this material has a natural defect and the energy density is low. In the past few years, the policy support of the country has been linked to the cruising range. The battery with high energy density is more favored by the policy. According to the latest subsidy policy, there will be independent regulations for fast-fill batteries, so we can boldly speculate that the lithium titanate battery, which has been blown into the cold, is now making a big splash.
Moreover, Yinlong New Energy has mastered the world's top lithium titanate core technology, and has overcome the industry's recognized "five major problems", achieving 6-minute fast charging, wide temperature resistance, 30-year cycle life, no fire, no explosion and other excellent characteristics. And Yinlong is currently studying the combination of lithium titanate battery and fuel cell to solve the problem of the mileage of new energy vehicles.
Policy vs actual demand
Here, I can't help but ask, is the cruising range really important? Imagine that you buy a car for personal use, and if you have a charging facility at home to meet the daily charging, the 100km cruising range should be enough for daily use. Moreover, most of the current cruising range can be more than 200km. At this time, the significance of pursuing the cruising range on the power battery is also high.
In addition to passenger cars, the development of city buses can not be underestimated, but as a passenger car, the cruising range seems to be less important. If a city wants to replace a traditional city bus with a new energy bus, the infrastructure will definitely keep up. The bus has a charging facility at the starting and ending points, as long as the battery carried by the bus can meet the one-way travel, if the bus supports fast Charging can perfectly solve the problem of electric drive.
However, the policy of looking at the past seems to be somewhat biased. Whether it is a passenger car or a passenger car, the longer the cruising range, the higher the subsidy, and the key indicators that the market is most concerned about in the battery are concentrated in five aspects: safety and stability, cycle life. , wide temperature resistance, charging speed and energy density, which caused many companies to blindly pursue to meet higher cruising range and neglect other problems.
80 Plus Gold
Boluo Xurong Electronics Co., Ltd. , https://www.greenleaf-pc.com