As the first active aircraft carrier in China, Liaoning Province undertakes the important task of scientific experiments and accumulation of aircraft carrier formation combat experience. Not long ago, the Liaoning fleet formed through the Miyako Strait, bypassed the South Pacific, passed through the South China Sea, and finally returned to the Qingdao home port through the Taiwan Strait. It successfully completed the 38-day cross-sea zone training experiment mission, with a journey of tens of thousands of nautical miles. As is known to all, the Liaoning carrier is a conventional power carrier. What is the “oil fee†for the Liaoning exercise?
Liaoning ship
The core of the Liaoning aircraft carrier is four Ukrainian TB-12 steam turbines with a total power of 149,000 kW. The steam turbine is only a power plant. The Liaoning aircraft carrier is also equipped with eight boilers, which are specially used to produce high-temperature and high-pressure steam, impact turbine blades, and the moving turbine blades drive the propeller blades to rotate through the transmission. That is to say, the difference between a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and a conventional power carrier is that nuclear-powered aircraft carriers use nuclear fission to boil water and generate steam. The conventional power carrier is watered with ordinary fuel. Both of them are powered by steam turbines. Of course, the Liaoning carrier is not burning coal, it is heavy oil.
(The steam turbine operation mode diagram, the tank on the left side is the heat source (nuclear fission or boiler), the tank is condensed to generate steam, and the right side steam impacts the impeller)
Heavy oil is: the liquid residue remaining after crude oil extracts gasoline and diesel. The heavy oil has a high viscosity and is easy to solidify. When it is solidified, it needs a chisel to knock a small piece. Think of the asphalt on the road, which is the product of heavy oil and fractionation and refining. However, the heavy oil used in ships is processed, and the heavy oil of the ship has a large calorific value and a high combustion temperature. Moreover, the flash point of heavy oil is very high, and the flash point refers to the lowest temperature at which a flashing or extinguishing source ignites the combustible gas/liquid. The flash point of heavy oil is 180~330°C, the gasoline is -55~-20°C, and the diesel is above 55°C. This means that storing heavy oil is safer. However, heavy oil needs to be heated before burning to reduce the viscosity and facilitate pipe transportation.
(heavy oil)
The most important reason why the Liaoning aircraft carrier uses heavy oil is cheap. For example, fuel oil No. 380 (the name of heavy oil used as ship oil), today's price is 2169 yuan / ton, and today's diesel price is 7127 yuan / ton. The boiler on the aircraft carrier can theoretically be burnt with any fuel, either gasoline or diesel, but the two fuels are too low to be safe. Second, the price is really expensive.
(NATO ships use oil, basically no heavy oil, because they are equipped with gas or diesel engines, heavy oil is rarely used on internal combustion engines)
It can be speculated that the Liaoning aircraft carrier can carry about 6000-8000 tons of fuel (excluding carrier-based engine oil and start-up diesel). According to the above oil price statistics, the Liaoning number will need to cost at least 13 million yuan to fill the fuel tank. When the Liaoning cruises at 18 knots, it can run 777 kilometers in 24 hours, 388 tons of fuel consumption (for example, Kuznetsau fuel consumption per kilometer), and fuel consumption of about 50 tons per 100 kilometers. The Liaoning shipbuilding team lasted 38 days of drills, with a total fuel cost of 31 million yuan.
(It’s normal to smoke black smoke. Anyone who has driven a diesel car knows that it’s heavy oil.)
It can be seen that the cost of a conventional power carrier is very high. In the short term, the cost of a nuclear-powered aircraft carrier is much higher than that of a conventional power carrier. The cost of a Nimitz class aircraft carrier is $5 billion, and the Kuznets of the Soviet Union. The cost of the aircraft carrier is $3 billion. However, in the long run, nuclear-powered aircraft carriers have near-infinite voyages and do not need to refuel, and the cost performance is much higher than that of conventional power carriers. And nuclear-powered aircraft carriers do not need to install oil depots, the space saved can be loaded with more carrier aircraft, ammunition and aviation fuel, and the combat continuity is better. I hope that our country's nuclear-powered aircraft carrier will be launched soon~\(≧▽≦)/~啦啦啦.
postscript:
A few days ago, there were official reports that the domestic 001A aircraft carrier was unlikely to launch on the Navy Day on April 23, considering the hydrological environment and other factors. But you don't have to worry, the domestic aircraft carrier can indeed carry your fingers for a few days:
Today, the domestic aircraft carrier was photographed to her outside the painting project is almost completed, the debris on the flight deck is suspected to be emptied, it seems that the final preparation work before the launch.
With the domestic 001A aircraft carrier, we are looking forward to him.
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