The inverter converts DC power (battery, battery) into alternating current (typically 220V, 50Hz sine wave). It consists of an inverter bridge, control logic and filter circuits. Widely used in air conditioners, home theaters, electric grinding wheels, power tools, sewing machines, DVD, VCD, computers, televisions, washing machines, range hoods, refrigerators, video recorders, massagers, fans, lighting, etc. In foreign countries, because of the high penetration rate of automobiles, you can use the inverter to connect the battery to drive electrical appliances and various tools. The on-board inverter output through the cigarette lighter is 20W, 40W, 80W, 120W to 150W power specifications. More power inverter power supplies are connected to the battery through the cable. Connecting appliances to the output of the power converter allows for the use of various appliances in the car. The appliances that can be used include: mobile phones, notebook computers, digital video cameras, cameras, lights, electric razors, CD players, game consoles, PDAs, power tools, car refrigerators, and various travel, camping, medical emergency appliances. Wait.
There are many types of inverters, which can be classified according to different methods.
1. According to the frequency of the inverter output AC energy, it can be divided into power frequency inverter, intermediate frequency inverter and high frequency inverter. The frequency of the power frequency inverter is 50-60HZ; the frequency of the intermediate frequency inverter is generally 400HZ to more than ten KHZ; the frequency of the high frequency inverter is generally more than ten KHZ to MHZ.
2. According to the number of phases of the inverter output, it can be divided into single-phase inverter, three-phase inverter and multi-phase inverter.
3. According to the direction of the output of the inverter, it can be divided into active inverter and passive inverter. The inverter that transmits the electric energy output from the inverter to the industrial power grid is called an active inverter; the inverter that outputs the power output from the inverter to a certain electric load is called a passive inverter. Device.
4. According to the form of the main circuit of the inverter, it can be divided into single-ended inverter, push-pull inverter, half-bridge inverter and full-bridge inverter.
5. According to the type of inverter main switch device, it can be divided into thyristor inverter, transistor inverter, field effect inverter and insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter. It can be classified into two categories: "half-controlled" inverter and "full control" inverter. The former does not have the self-shutdown capability, and the components lose control after being turned on. Therefore, the “half-controlled†common thyristor belongs to this category; the latter has self-shutdown capability, ie, no device. The turn-on and turn-off can be controlled by the control electrode, so it is called "full control type", and the power field effect transistor and the insulated gate dual-weight transistor (IGBT) belong to this category.
6. According to the DC power supply, it can be divided into voltage source inverter (VSI) and current source inverter (CSI). In the former, the DC voltage is nearly constant, and the output voltage is an alternating square wave; the latter, the DC current is nearly constant, and the input current is an alternating square wave.
7. According to the waveform of the inverter output voltage or current, it can be divided into sine wave output inverter and non-sine wave output inverter.
8, according to the inverter control method, can be divided into frequency modulation (PFM) inverter and pulse width (PWM) inverter.
9. According to the working mode of the inverter switching circuit, it can be divided into resonant inverter, fixed frequency hard switching inverter and fixed frequency soft switching inverter.
10. According to the inverter commutation method, it can be divided into load commutating inverter and self-converting inverter.
Inverter common type
Medium and small power
Medium and small power inverter power supply is one of the important links in the household independent AC photovoltaic system. Its reliability and efficiency are essential for promoting photovoltaic systems, effectively using energy and reducing system cost. Therefore, PV experts in various countries have been working hard to develop inverter power supplies suitable for household use, so as to promote the industry to develop better and faster.
Multiple tandem
There are many advantages to using multiple series inverters for electric vehicles. The series structure output voltage vector type is greatly increased, which enhances the control flexibility, improves the control accuracy, and reduces the fluctuation of the neutral point voltage of the motor. The bypass feature of the inverter increases the flexibility of charging and regenerative braking control.
With the growing concern about the urban environment, the development of electric vehicles has a rare opportunity. In urban traffic, electric buses have become a priority for development due to their large load and high overall efficiency. Most electric buses use three-phase AC motors. Due to the high power of the motor, the components in the three-phase inverter need to withstand high voltage and high current stress. The higher dv/dt makes the electromagnetic radiation serious and needs good. Cooling.
The high-power inverter with multiple series structure reduces the voltage stress on a single device and reduces the requirements on the device; reduces the dv/dt value, reduces the electromagnetic radiation, and greatly reduces the heat generation of the device; The level of the level is increased and the control performance is better.
Multiple series inverters are suitable for high power electric vehicle drive systems. The use of multiple series structure reduces the risk of multiple batteries in series, reducing the switching stress of the device and reducing electromagnetic radiation. But the number of batteries needed has increased by a factor of two.
The multiple series structure output voltage vector type is greatly increased, thereby enhancing the control flexibility, improving the control accuracy, and reducing the fluctuation of the neutral point voltage of the motor. In order to maintain the balance of the battery capacity of each group, it is necessary to ensure that the discharge time of the battery is consistent during operation. By means of bypass, the battery pack can be flexibly charged and the torque of regenerative braking can be controlled.
Car
The car inverter generally uses a car battery or a cigarette lighter to supply power, first converts the low-voltage direct current into a direct current of about 265V, and then converts the high-voltage direct current into 220V, 50Hz alternating current. Car inverters break many of the limitations of using appliances in the car. The vehicle power supply is not only suitable for in-vehicle systems, but can be used whenever there is a DC12V DC power supply. The car inverter fully takes into account the external environment, and automatically protects the system from shutdown when an overload or short circuit occurs.
How to use the car inverter
1. Insert the car inverter into the car cigarette lighter socket. When inserting, please check the tightness between the plug and the socket. When too loose, open the tabs on both sides of the plug and insert them into the cigarette lighter socket.
2. Confirm that the power indicator of the car inverter is lit.
3. Plug the power plug of the appliance to be used into the socket of the vehicle power converter.
Precautions:
1. When unplugging the electrical plug in continuous use, be sure to confirm that the switch that uses the appliance has been turned "off", and then unplug the power plug.
2. When replacing the fuse of the vehicle inverter, be sure to use the fuse of the same type and specification. If the fuse or wire other than the specified specification is used, it will cause abnormal overheating and fire.
3. Clean the dirt at the plug of the car inverter in time to avoid causing poor contact or abnormal overheating of the converter.
4. When using or not using the car inverter, unplug the car inverter from the cigarette lighter socket and keep it in a safe place.
Car inverter selection
The car inverter is a power product that works in high current and high frequency environments, and its potential failure rate is quite high. Therefore, consumers must be careful when purchasing:
First, select from the inverter output waveform, preferably not below the quasi-sine wave;
Second, the inverter must have a complete circuit protection function;
Third, manufacturers must have a good after-sales service commitment;
Fourth, circuits and products have been tested for some time.
1. In addition to the price factor, the main requirement for the vehicle power supply is the input voltage requirement and the output power of the vehicle power supply. In addition, since the power of various electrical appliances varies greatly, it is necessary to select the vehicle power supply according to the use requirements. It is enough to use.
2. According to the type of electrical appliance used, it is necessary to select a suitable vehicle power supply. For daily resistive electrical appliances, square wave, correction wave and sine wave can be used together. For inductive electrical appliances, sine wave inverter must be selected. The device is gone.
3, square wave / modified wave inverter power supply can not carry inductive load and capacitive load, can not drive air conditioning, refrigerator, it is difficult to provide power for high-quality audio TV. Strictly speaking, the square wave/corrected wave inverter power supply will affect the service life of the appliance. These problems do not occur when using a sine wave inverter.
4, the cigarette lighter insurance in the general car is 10A or 15A (10A insurance is mostly old models or imported models), which means that the car inverter power supply that can be used in a general car is 120W or 180W. . If you need a high-power inverter (more than 180W or 200W), you must look at whether there is a battery clamp in the package. There is a limit to the use of a high-power inverter without a battery clamp in a car.
5, the general car power supply will have insurance at the cigarette lighter end, the car supplies Qiqi network reminds you must open the purchase when you check this insurance and the car cigarette lighter insurance does not match (theoretically less than or equal to the cigarette The insurance of the device, so that the cigarette lighter's insurance can play a role, and vice versa, the car cigarette lighter's insurance will burn out, which will cause unnecessary trouble.
Car inverter considerations
First, the inverter should be used in strict accordance with the user manual;
Second, the inverter's output voltage is 220 volts AC, and this 220 volts is in a small space and is movable, so be careful. It should be placed in a safe place to prevent electric shock. When not in use, it is best to cut off its input power;
Third, do not place the inverter near the sun or the heater outlet. The working environment temperature of the inverter should not exceed 40 degrees Celsius;
Fourth, the inverter will generate heat when working, so do not place objects near or on it;
Fifth, the inverter is afraid of water, so don't let it rain or sprinkle with water.
Inverter technical parameters and technical performanceTechnical Parameters
Technical performance
1. The rated output voltage is within the allowable fluctuation range of the specified input DC voltage, which indicates the rated voltage value that the inverter should be able to output. The stability accuracy of the output rated voltage value is generally as follows:
(1) In steady-state operation, the voltage fluctuation range should have a limit, for example, the deviation does not exceed ± 3% or ± 5% of the rated value.
(2) In the dynamic case of sudden load (0%→50%→100% rated load) or other disturbance factors, the output voltage deviation should not exceed ±8% or ±10% of the rated value.
2. Unbalance of output voltage Under normal working conditions, the three-phase voltage imbalance of the inverter output (the ratio of the reverse sequence component to the positive sequence component) should not exceed a specified value, generally expressed in %, such as 5%. Or 8%.
3. Waveform Distortion of Output Voltage When the inverter output voltage is sinusoidal, the maximum allowable waveform distortion (or harmonic content) should be specified. Usually expressed as the total waveform distortion of the output voltage, its value should not exceed 5% (single-phase output allows 10%).
4. Rated output frequency The frequency of the inverter output AC voltage should be a relatively stable value, usually 50WZ. Under normal working conditions, the deviation should be within ±1%.
5. The load power factor characterizes the inverter's ability to carry inductive or capacitive loads. Under sine wave conditions, the load power factor is 0.7 to 0.9 (hysteresis) and the nominal value is 0.9.
6. Rated output current (or rated output capacity) Indicates the rated output current of the inverter within the specified load power factor range. Some inverter products give a rated output capacity, the unit of which is expressed in VA or KVA. The rated capacity of the inverter is the product of the rated output voltage as the rated output current when the output power factor is 1 (ie, purely resistive load).
7. Rated Output Efficiency The efficiency of the inverter is the ratio of its output power to input power under specified operating conditions, expressed in %. The efficiency of the inverter at rated output capacity is full load efficiency, and the efficiency at 10% rated output capacity is low load efficiency.
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