According to a recent report by the British "New Scientist" magazine, American scientists use a carbon nanotube to make the world's smallest incandescent lamp with a filament length of 1.4 microns and a width of 13 nanometers.
The Kris Reagan team at the University of California, USA, attached a palladium and gold electrode to the ends of the carbon nanotubes. The carbon nanotubes were passed through a small hole in a silicon chip and placed in a vacuum. As the current passes through the carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotubes are heated and begin to emit light, releasing millions of photons per second, of which thousands of photons enter the eye. Reagan said: In this way, we can easily see the light, the human eye is very sensitive to a single photon, but this light is not suitable for reading.
Scientists have created the world's smallest incandescent lamp, primarily used as a bridge to communicate the incompatibility between thermodynamic theory and quantum mechanics theory in physics.
The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases with time, but in quantum mechanics, time is not unidirectional, and no matter whether you move back and forth, it does not increase entropy. So how do you transition from quantum mechanics theory to thermodynamics theory?
Reagan pointed out: This carbon nanotube filament can be used to explain this. It is large enough to apply the laws of thermodynamics. But it is small enough that one can think of it as a molecule or a quantum mechanical system.
The team used it to verify Planck's law of blackbody radiation, a law that was proposed a century ago to calculate how much light an object can emit by assuming that different objects can release energy. For more than 100 years, Planck's hypothesis has supported the development of quantum mechanics.
Planck's law of blackbody radiation assumes that a black body (black body is an idealized radiator that absorbs all wavelengths of radiant energy, without the reflection and transmission of energy) may emit random heat radiation. For example, a hot incandescent lamp emits many different colors of photons that combine to form white light.
However, because this carbon nanotube filament can be viewed as a quantum mechanical system, Reagan believes that it may not follow this rule. Compared to larger filaments, the photons it emits may not be so random.
Reagan says: quantum mechanics is applied to systems with very few particles; thermodynamics is applied to very large particles. We don't have a theory that can be applied to the middle area. This light bulb gives us an opportunity.
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