GBIC (short for Gigabit Interface Converter) is an interface device that converts gigabit electrical signals into optical signals. The GBIC can be designed for hot swapping. GBIC is an interchangeable product that meets international standards. Gigabit switches designed with GBIC interface have a large market share in the market due to flexible interchangeability. SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) can be easily understood as an upgraded version of GBIC. The SFP module is half the size of the GBIC module, only the size of the thumb. You can configure more than double the number of ports on the same panel. The other functions of the SFP module are basically the same as the GBIC. Some switch manufacturers claim that SFP modules are miniaturized GBIC (MINI-GBIC)
The components of an SFP optical module are:
The laser (including the transmitter TOSA and the receiver ROSA) and the circuit board IC and external components, the external components are composed of the outer casing, the base, the PCBA, the pull ring, the buckle, the unlocking piece and the rubber plug, and the pull ring is generally convenient for identification. The color distinguishes the parameter type of the module.
SFP optical module classification:
Rate classification
According to the rate, there are 155M/622M/1.25G/2.125G/4.25G/8G/10G, 155M and 1.25G are used in the market. The 10G technology is gradually maturing, and the demand is developing in an upward trend.
Wavelength classification
According to the wavelength, there are 850nm/1310nm/1550nm/1490nm/1530nm/1610nm, the wavelength is 850nm for SFP multimode, the transmission distance is below 2KM, the wavelength is 1310/1550nm for single mode, and the transmission distance is above 2KM. Relatively speaking, this The price of the three wavelengths is cheaper than the other three.
If the bare module is not easily confused, the general manufacturer will distinguish the color of the pull ring. For example, the black pull ring is multimode and the wavelength is 850 nm; the blue is the module with the wavelength of 1310 nm; the yellow is the module with the wavelength of 1550 nm. Purple is a module with a wavelength of 1490 nm.
Pattern classification
Multimode
Almost all multimode fibers are 50/125um or 62.5/125um in size, and the bandwidth (the amount of information transmitted by the fiber) is typically 200MHz to 2GHz. Multimode optical transceivers can carry up to 5 kilometers of transmission through multimode fiber. A light emitting diode or a laser is used as a light source. The pull ring or outer body is black in color.
Single mode
Single mode fiber has a size of 9-10/125 μm and has an infinite bandwidth and lower loss characteristics than multimode fiber. Single-mode optical transceivers are often used for long-distance transmission, sometimes reaching 150 to 200 kilometers. LEDs with narrower LD or spectral lines are used as the light source. The color of the pull ring or outer body is blue, yellow or purple.
　　 Difference and connection
Single-mode fiber is cheap, but single-mode devices are much more expensive than comparable multimode devices. Single-mode devices typically operate on both single-mode fibers and multimode fibers, while multimode devices are limited to operation on multimode fibers. The 10G module has undergone development from 300Pin, XENPAK, X2, and XFP, and finally realized the transmission of 10G signals in the same size as SFP. This is SFP+. With its advantages of miniaturization and low cost, SFP has met the demand for high density of optical modules. From the 2002 standard, it has replaced XFP in 2010 to become the mainstream of the 10G market.
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