Softening water equipment working principle and process

Softening water equipment , that is, equipment that reduces water hardness, mainly removes calcium and magnesium ions from the water. The softened water equipment does not reduce the total salt content in the water during the process of softening the water.

The ion exchange principle is used to remove scale ions such as calcium and magnesium in water. Since the hardness of water is mainly formed and expressed by calcium and magnesium, the raw water is passed through a sodium-type cation exchange resin, so that the hardness components Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the water are exchanged with Na+ in the resin, thereby adsorbing Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the water, thereby softening the water. .

When the resin absorbs a certain amount of calcium and magnesium ions, as the Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the resin increase, the performance of the resin to remove Ca2+ and Mg2+ gradually decreases, and regeneration is necessary. In the regeneration process, the resin layer is washed with salt water in the salt tank, and the hardness ions on the resin are replaced. When the recycled waste liquid is discharged out of the tank, the resin resumes the softening exchange function.

The softened water equipment workflow has five processes: work (sometimes called water production, the same below), backwashing, regeneration (salt absorption), replacement (slow flushing), and positive washing (quick flushing). All processes for different softened water plants are very close, but there may be additional processes due to actual process variations or control needs. Any softened water equipment based on sodium ion exchange is developed on the basis of these five processes (where fully automatic softened water equipment increases the brine refilling process).

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