The biggest advantage of FPGA compared to CPU is speed. In simple terms, FPGA controls each clock (Cycle) to drive signals and registers, which means that the clock can be used to precisely control tasks. Moreover, the FPGA is executed in parallel, and each Cycle can execute millions of data stream tasks at the same time. Therefore, compared with the CPU, the FPGA performs data flow in parallel through a slower clock frequency, while the CPU has a high frequency. However, the parallel execution capability is poor, and for the same code, the application may run 100 times faster on the FPGA than on a traditional CPU.
The FPGA contains tens of millions of programmable logic resources with the advantages of parallelism and concurrency. At design time, engineers can take advantage of this parallel architecture to decompose the design into a well-structured data execution flow.
For example, a frame of image, if processed in the traditional way, can process the entire image in pixels. But when processed in parallel, it is broken down into different pieces, processed by different processes at the same time, and then pieced together. Although the process is complicated, it is much faster, requiring input data to be decomposed in an optimal way and efficiently assigned to each process, and then the processed data is collected and reassembled, which greatly improves efficiency.
In a normal CPU, this process involves storing and fetching data from memory and a complex protocol that keeps the process consistent with the current memory state. Even the largest Intel CPU has only 18 cores. In contrast, in an FPGA, the data stream can be designed so that it never leaves the chip. Tens of thousands of concurrent processes can exist at the same time, and the processing time is optimized, so throughput is always the largest.
The advantage of implementing through FPGA is cost. Using FPGAs can save a lot of money because of the increased speed while reducing hardware requirements, an FPGA can perform many server tasks.
Finally, FPGAs have a powerful next-generation interconnect and enhanced flexibility to reprogram on devices with the latest technology developments. Once up and running, the FPGA can be changed at any time to meet changing business needs.
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