With the rise of smart terminals, mobile Internet applications, cloud computing and big data, mobile communication networks are accelerating their pace of development. In the era of 4G LTE, how to build a network with a wide coverage and excellent experience, how to accelerate the pace of business innovation, how to promote the convergence of TD-LTE and FDDLTE, how to realize the coordinated development of 2G, 3G, 4G and WLAN, are operators and the whole industry. The focus of attention. In this context, more and more forward-looking ideas, innovative technologies and high-quality products have emerged, laying the foundation for the evolution of mobile communication networks.
In the 4G era, telecom operators are increasing their efforts to build and share. China Telecom and China Unicom intend to try to integrate network and service. Through the mutual opening of the network and business resources, each needs and complements each other to achieve the sharing of network resources between the two parties, reduce investment costs and achieve win-win development. The co-construction and sharing of telecom operators at the network level will undoubtedly contribute to the improvement of 4G network quality and user-aware optimization. However, operators will face no small challenges in specific network construction. Faced with this situation, Jiangsu Posts and Telecommunications Planning and Design Institute conducted a technical analysis and professional division of specific scenarios, and analyzed five typical shared scenarios of telecom and China Unicom joint construction, providing reference for possible network convergence design in the future.
Co-construction sharing = win-win development
In recent years, with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the construction of 4G LTE networks is in full swing. However, due to policy and business development reasons, China Telecom and China Unicom are facing mixed network of FDD+TDD and CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, WLAN and other networks during the 4G period. The LTE network construction will face no small challenge. Higher cost, poor terminal compatibility, and multiple network switching challenges. In the 3G era, China Telecom has the advantage of low spectrum, and only a small number of base stations can be used for wide coverage. In the 4G era, high-frequency network construction is required, and there is a huge vacancy in the LTE site. This means that more base stations need to be built to carry the network well, especially in the 2.6-GHz TD-LTE network construction. .
At the same time, fragmentation of TD-LTE and FDD LTE bands is particularly serious, and network coverage in different frequency bands is different. At present, China Telecom has precious 4G low-frequency resources, but how to use high-efficiency low-frequency and high-frequency bands will be a topic. Therefore, China Telecom adopts the FDD LTE mode in the commonly covered areas, and TDD is added to the hotspots with dense urban population and large data demand to make full use of spectrum resources and improve data carrying capacity. China Unicom is superior to China Telecom in terms of site resources, but it is still far from China Mobile in terms of the distribution of base stations in the wide area, especially in the number of macro base stations in urban micro base stations and suburbs. At the same time, China Unicom is the weakest in terms of financial strength, so it is very difficult to invest a large amount of funds to build a 4G network at an early stage.
Based on the above analysis, it can be seen that in the 4G era, China Telecom and China Unicom are facing pressures and challenges in both network construction and business development. Actively implementing the co-construction and sharing policy proposed by the regulatory authorities, and increasing integration at the network and service levels will facilitate resource sharing and complementary advantages, and lay a solid foundation for accelerating business innovation and enhancing user experience.
Feasibility analysis of base station sharing
Jiangsu Posts and Telecommunications Planning and Design Institute believes that China Telecom and China Unicom should achieve business integration, with the focus on sharing their respective 4G networks, from the access layer analysis, ie base station sharing.
Base station sharing means that a single base station simultaneously virtualizes the base stations of China Unicom and China Telecom to serve both users. From the perspective of users and services, shared base stations are equivalent to self-built base stations, and there is no difference in business processes and experiences.
However, in the process of network convergence, base station sharing may involve the transformation of each network level (as shown in the following figure). The transformation principle is mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, the business level, currently, no need to be modified, can be developed separately. The second is the core network, and there is no need to transform it. The third is the bearer network. In the joint network, the bearer networks of the two parties can be interconnected by VPN, and the interworking point is in the city where the 4G core network is located. The fourth is the wireless network. Currently, all manufacturers' 4G base stations can be upgraded and supported by software. The smallest unit shared is a single base station. The fifth is the user and the terminal. The sharing and sharing will not bring the loss of the service. The user does not have the perception in the actual situation, does not reduce the service experience, and does not need to open and close the service. At the same time, the shared sharing does not require too much for the terminal ( On the existing network of China Unicom, 5% of the terminals do not support the B1 frequency band. If the B1 coverage area of ​​the telecommunications is entered, the telecommunication base station cannot be used.
It is worth mentioning that if the sharing of 4G base stations is to be carried out, it means that China Unicom's 3G or 2G base stations must be deployed in the vicinity of the base station or in order to achieve the fallback of voice services. The Jiangsu Posts and Telecommunications Planning and Design Institute believes that in this case, a shared and cooperative mode of sub-scenarios and sub-steps can be adopted. In the initial stage, the problems of wide coverage and indoor deep coverage in remote areas are mainly solved.
In the base station sharing, the transformation of the wireless network and the bearer network mainly focuses on the base station transformation and the base station access and the bearer network interworking. Specifically, the base station transformation mainly supports eNodeB upgrade support sharing, including supporting resource sharing and scheduling scheme under shared carrier; supporting broadcast network sharing message function; supporting access and switching functions to different core networks; supporting both frequency bands and dedicated carriers , shared carrier.
For the base station access and the bearer network interworking, the eNodeB is physically only connected to its own bearer network, and is virtualized into two sets of systems, each using its own and the other party's coding rules. The two bearer networks are divided into VPNs and communicated on the backbone bearer network. (B network and CN2); the interconnection point is the AR of the city where the core network is located (basically the provincial capital); the unified service data addressing and management is performed on the self-owned eNodeB and the virtual eNodeB provided by the other party. Under this scheme, the handover delay between the two base stations of the two operators is slightly increased, and the delay of the internal base station handover of the same carrier is not much different, and there is no impact on the service.
From the perspective of sharing scenarios, the shared area can be subdivided into many specific scenarios according to business development and needs. Mainly divided into two major scenes, outdoor and indoor.
Outdoor scenes: wide coverage areas such as townships and villages, national highways, provincial highways, and ordinary railways. Since China Telecom has invested mainly in urban concentration areas such as urban areas, the coverage of rural areas not covered by China Unicom is not optimistic. Therefore, the sharing of existing base stations by the two base stations has limited expansion effect on Unicom's wide coverage, and may mainly rely on new shared stations. solve.
The indoor scene includes four situations: first, sudden burst of business, such as large stadiums and large exhibition centers; second, emergency and important business handling, such as government service halls, bank outlets, stock exchanges, business halls; Long scenes, such as three-star hotels and residential quarters; four public places, such as restaurants and leisure and entertainment venues, culture, technology, art venues, etc.
In fact, in addition to the above-mentioned areas, other important but difficult to build areas (such as the area where the city's difficult sites are located) can also be prioritized for implementation.
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