Single-ended loop testing speeds up DSL line construction and growth
As users have flocked to high-speed broadband lines, the DSL market has grown rapidly; to meet this demand, global players are working hard, especially if they have to work hard to consider how to provide and cost-effectively provide and Repair the DSL line.
In most occasions, users install DSL lines by themselves is an exception, not the norm; when providing users with DSL lines, costly user site installation services have become a common sight, but most of the industry cannot Confirm the data rate for new DSL users. If the market is to continue to grow, and if the operators want to maximize profits, they must find new ways to complete the installation and maintenance of the circuit at a lower cost.
This is where the single-ended loop test (SELT; Single-Ended Loop TesTIng) can make a difference. Just like the metal loop tester used in the POTS world, single-ended loop test is an automatic test technology that can test the line from either end of the DSL line, such as from the office or client of the line. Of course The latter is relatively rare. Double-Ended Loop Test (Double-Ended Loop TesTIng) is also a test method, but it requires a technician, usually an engineer of the industry, to personally go to the client of the line to install a DSL modem or a certain test instrument; single-ended The method of loop testing is completely different. The manufacturer does not need to send technicians to the user's location, nor does it need to install any test equipment on the client. In addition, with the standardization of single-ended loop testing, not only can the installation process adopt more innovative practices, but also for the products provided by DSL equipment manufacturers, the telecommunications industry can have a more stable and objective basis for comparison.
Scientists at KPN Research said that companies now need a way to enable them to efficiently make line inspection part of their daily operations. The inspection method of connecting dedicated hardware to the line requires high cost, so it does not have any appeal, but if the xDSL chip can provide the performance parameters to the management system in a stable, consistent and efficient manner, the system can periodically ( For example, once a month) Read the performance parameters of all the established lines, and use these actual measurements to establish a database. When a potential new customer also requests DSL service, the industry can easily decide whether to Provide services. "
Why use single-ended loop testing?
From applying for DSL lines to installing and setting up, the industry is working hard to improve the way they communicate with customers during this process. The goal is to provide a perfect first impression and bring the promised service items to customers until the end of the entire process. Like any customer service relationship, to improve the installation and activation of DSL lines, you must bring real and useful information to customers, and then provide the most powerful support for this information; unfortunately, DSL operators and telecommunications vendors They do not necessarily have the proper information of the physical network, so when making a commitment, their confidence is not so firm.
Many lines have been set up decades ago, and in such a long period of time, they have undergone many changes. The entire process may be documented or may not be recorded at all. Regardless of whether the file records are complete, smart operators will want to actually test the line and determine that they meet the requirements before writing a certain level of DSL service content into their contract with the user.
For example, many providers use the data rate they promise to users as a reference when deciding the price structure of their DSL service. However, before ensuring that new users can get the required service level (bit rate), the provider must Learn more about the line conditions at the consumer ’s location, because the quality and efficiency of the DSL line will be greatly affected by the user ’s local line. The parts that the industry wants to know include: the length of the line, whether it is composed of mixed-gauge, whether there are bridges to branch the line, where are these bridges, whether the line contains load coils and many other related parameters .
If there is no single-ended loop test, the industry ’s only alternative is to send a technician to the user ’s location to perform a series of measurement tasks; with single-ended loop test, many operating parameters of the circuit can be directly derived .
How does single-ended loop testing work?
The DSL chipset included in the client modem or the DSLAM at the central office can actively perform line measurement, and the measurement items cover all the contents of the G.selt standard, and the data obtained by the measurement will be transmitted to a higher level for their analysis. The operator can use this information to judge the line quality according to the criteria determined in advance. Single-ended loop test standards may include many measurement techniques, the following are just a few of them:
• Time-domain reflectometry (TIme-domain reflectometry)
• Frequency-domain reflectometry
• Loop impedance • Loop capacitance • Line noise power spectrum In addition to setting standards for single-ended loop testing and the precise measurement items it must perform, another alternative is to use the G.selt file and only define the modem to transmit to The parameters of the higher logic layer, this way can protect their proprietary information for manufacturers, including modem or DSLAM analog front-end sampling rate and filter response time and other related information.
Figure 1 is a layered structure of a single-ended loop test program, which allows measurement or operating parameters to be completely unaffected by the higher levels in the architecture, but only passes the measured data to them for analysis The engine processes it and finally provides it to the operator in a usable format. When formulating single-ended loop test standards, the interfaces between the various logic layers can be specified in these standards, allowing manufacturers to freely develop new functions and design the analysis engines and user interfaces they need.
Why develop single-ended loop test standards?
The development of the G.selt standard will inevitably bring some benefits to the industry, because even if DSLAM and DSL modems of different manufacturers are used, the loop test environment does not need to change, which makes it easier for the industry to integrate DSL equipment provided by multiple manufacturers into a heterogeneous Environment (heterogeneous environment). In addition, as long as any standard adopts a hierarchical architecture, it can provide equipment manufacturers with the necessary flexibility, so that manufacturers only need to develop specific levels they intend to provide, use external devices to implement a certain level, or even combine multiple levels or It is merge or collapse together. By specifying interfaces between layers, manufacturers can develop their own unique analysis engine; in addition, the G.selt standard can also promote a variety of compatible test technologies in the industry, making it easier for manufacturers to use a vendor ’s DSLAM Or switch the DSL modem to another vendor's platform.
SBC TRI senior technical experts said that to maximize the benefits of single-ended loop testing, the measurement procedures must be standardized to ensure that any equipment manufacturer can get the same measurement results. KPN Research experts also said that the interface between the chip and the management system must be standardized so that external software systems can read the data and use the data to build a database. In addition, standardization also allows measurement methods to be independent of technology. Manufacturers can collect data from ADSL chips to measure a loop, and then use these data to determine whether another loop supports SDSL services.
Although single-ended loop testing has certain advantages, the standard-setting process is difficult and takes a long time. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) recently agreed to start the development process of the single-ended loop test standard. The former editor of G.hs was also appointed as the editor of G.selt. Any relevant suggestions are very welcome. They will be used to define the detailed scope of this standard. And directions.
The standardization and application of single-ended loop testing will drive the continued growth of the DSL market; in the long run, it can also meet the needs of increasing numbers of users, thereby assisting the industry to provide various services at a lower cost.
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