I. Overview In recent years, with the implementation of the "one household, one form," the domestic water supply industry, the water supply charging system is undergoing important reforms. At the same time, the number of metering devices has increased dramatically, the amount of meter reading has increased, and centralized meter reading has been adopted. Technology to improve meter reading work efficiency and service level has become the consensus of the water supply industry.
Industry companies adopt the necessity of centralized meter reading system 1. Centralized meter reading system can realize monitoring, and faults can be discovered in time. For a city if all the automated meter reading after repair is a non-negligible aspect.
2, centralized meter reading system can use the current very mature long-distance communication system, such as GPRS, broadband network, ADSL, mobile phone short message and other ways to achieve the city's networking, plus the currently widely used bank collection charge management methods, Completely automate meter reading and charging.
3, the water supply department can provide better and more complete services, but also can get more accurate water consumption, especially for commercial or industrial water meters.
4. The centralized meter reading system can simplify the management level of the water supply department, reduce or even eliminate the original business sites that require more than one person to conduct slicing and charging management, and all realize network management.
5. Since centralized meter reading is an independent product, the life span can be basically the same as that of the base meter. Therefore, the water supply department can justify the extraction of the maintenance fund, thus achieving the sustainable operation of the meter.
Since the late 1990s, the vast majority of urban water supply companies have made active attempts to remote meter and centralized meter reading systems in order to increase the number of meter reading personnel and improve the efficiency of meter reading. Most of them are pulse-transmitting centralized meter reading systems, that is, the system structure of pulse-transmitting remote water meters and collectors. Through ten years of running tests, the system has been exposed to problems such as low measurement accuracy, poor system reliability, and large maintenance workload, which directly affects the popularization and application of remote water meters.
In recent years, a new type of remote meter reading technology, photoelectric direct-reading meter reading technology, has emerged quietly and has received a large number of applications, and is increasingly becoming the first choice for urban water supply companies.
Industry companies adopt the necessity of centralized meter reading system 1. Centralized meter reading system can realize monitoring, and faults can be discovered in time. For a city if all the automated meter reading after repair is a non-negligible aspect.
2, centralized meter reading system can use the current very mature long-distance communication system, such as GPRS, broadband network, ADSL, mobile phone short message and other ways to achieve the city's networking, plus the currently widely used bank collection charge management methods, Completely automate meter reading and charging.
3, the water supply department can provide better and more complete services, but also can get more accurate water consumption, especially for commercial or industrial water meters.
4. The centralized meter reading system can simplify the management level of the water supply department, reduce or even eliminate the original business sites that require more than one person to conduct slicing and charging management, and all realize network management.
5. Since centralized meter reading is an independent product, the life span can be basically the same as that of the base meter. Therefore, the water supply department can justify the extraction of the maintenance fund, thus achieving the sustainable operation of the meter.
Since the late 1990s, the vast majority of urban water supply companies have made active attempts to remote meter and centralized meter reading systems in order to increase the number of meter reading personnel and improve the efficiency of meter reading. Most of them are pulse-transmitting centralized meter reading systems, that is, the system structure of pulse-transmitting remote water meters and collectors. Through ten years of running tests, the system has been exposed to problems such as low measurement accuracy, poor system reliability, and large maintenance workload, which directly affects the popularization and application of remote water meters.
In recent years, a new type of remote meter reading technology, photoelectric direct-reading meter reading technology, has emerged quietly and has received a large number of applications, and is increasingly becoming the first choice for urban water supply companies.
Second, photoelectric direct-reading remote water meter Photoelectric direct-reading table is printed on the outer edge of the ordinary water meter counter wheel printing 0-9 position specific mark, in its periphery fixed photoelectric sensor and related circuits. When the external power supply reads the meter, the status of the specific markers “Yes†and “None†is judged by the photoelectric sensor, and the reading of the character wheel (the window value of the meter) is judged by the combination code.
1. Principle: It is to establish a mathematical model for the character wheel, through combination calculation, to obtain the only correct solution from the character wheel, and then to print specific marks according to mathematical rules at corresponding positions 0-9 of the character wheel. The mathematics law then installs and fixes the photoelectric sensor, thus realizes a mathematical problem through the electronic circuit method. At the same time, considering various kinds of redundancy and error correction algorithms, the only correct solution is that the only data on the character wheel. At present, direct-reading meters that use this method mainly include two kinds: photoelectric transmission (transmission) and photoelectric reflection. The main difference lies in the difference in mechanical structure and mathematical algorithm. Optoelectronics is a method of installing an optoelectronic device and a circuit board between character wheels. Photoelectric reflection is to install light around a character wheel.
1. Principle: It is to establish a mathematical model for the character wheel, through combination calculation, to obtain the only correct solution from the character wheel, and then to print specific marks according to mathematical rules at corresponding positions 0-9 of the character wheel. The mathematics law then installs and fixes the photoelectric sensor, thus realizes a mathematical problem through the electronic circuit method. At the same time, considering various kinds of redundancy and error correction algorithms, the only correct solution is that the only data on the character wheel. At present, direct-reading meters that use this method mainly include two kinds: photoelectric transmission (transmission) and photoelectric reflection. The main difference lies in the difference in mechanical structure and mathematical algorithm. Optoelectronics is a method of installing an optoelectronic device and a circuit board between character wheels. Photoelectric reflection is to install light around a character wheel.
2, features:
1), directly read the counter with the number of counter disk code that is "window value", the table does not need to set the table base, table constants and other parameters, no need to store data, there is no cumulative error, the real realization of the "reading table" and ended Cumulative pulse, history of converted values. The electronic parts of the direct-reading watch are completely separated from the devices such as counters in the watch without mechanical contact and do not affect the measurement accuracy.
2) Directly read the remote table directly to transmit data instead of pulse signal. It is not only not affected by the mechanical vibration, but also has extremely high anti-interference to the electromagnetic interference, so can realize the measurement stably, accurately and reliably under the complicated use environment.
3) Direct reading of the daily work of the remote watch requires no power supply. This is a revolutionary technological advancement, which avoids measurement errors and a large amount of maintenance work due to unstable power supply or malfunction.
4) Since the position of the mechanical counter wheel is collected by the direct reading telemeter (instead of the pulse), when the meter is reversed, the meter reading data is still consistent with the reading of the one meter.
1), directly read the counter with the number of counter disk code that is "window value", the table does not need to set the table base, table constants and other parameters, no need to store data, there is no cumulative error, the real realization of the "reading table" and ended Cumulative pulse, history of converted values. The electronic parts of the direct-reading watch are completely separated from the devices such as counters in the watch without mechanical contact and do not affect the measurement accuracy.
2) Directly read the remote table directly to transmit data instead of pulse signal. It is not only not affected by the mechanical vibration, but also has extremely high anti-interference to the electromagnetic interference, so can realize the measurement stably, accurately and reliably under the complicated use environment.
3) Direct reading of the daily work of the remote watch requires no power supply. This is a revolutionary technological advancement, which avoids measurement errors and a large amount of maintenance work due to unstable power supply or malfunction.
4) Since the position of the mechanical counter wheel is collected by the direct reading telemeter (instead of the pulse), when the meter is reversed, the meter reading data is still consistent with the reading of the one meter.
3. Advantages 1) Metrological performance: Since the photoelectric sensor is fixed in the non-rotating part of the watch, it is not in contact with any mechanical rotating part, and it only collects signals through light emission and reflection, compared with the resistance type direct reading table. Any damping does not affect the metering performance of the meter. Therefore, there will be no measurement disputes.
2) Manufacturing process: Since the scheme of distributing photoelectric Sensors around the character wheel is adopted, this part can be independently manufactured and then installed in the table without affecting the structure of the meter. The production process is simple, easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. And this part can be tested alone to ensure the reliability of the product.
3) Long-term operation: Since it is not in contact with the mechanical rotation part of the meter, it will not affect the perennial meter operation. At the same time, the photoelectric sensor usually does not work nor electricity, so the life expectancy is greatly extended. The reliable working time of the electronic part is far greater than the service life of the mechanical meter. Therefore, it is suitable for long-term operation and repeated use.
4) In terms of module versatility, the direct reading part of the word wheel of the photoelectric type direct reading meter can be made into an assembly, including a character wheel printed with a special mark, a plywood on the dial, and an electronic part. The assembly can be made by a dedicated manufacturer at a time and can be adapted to most domestic dry and liquid-sealed water meters. Therefore, it has good versatility, strong machinability, and strong adaptability.
2) Manufacturing process: Since the scheme of distributing photoelectric Sensors around the character wheel is adopted, this part can be independently manufactured and then installed in the table without affecting the structure of the meter. The production process is simple, easy to assemble and suitable for mass production. And this part can be tested alone to ensure the reliability of the product.
3) Long-term operation: Since it is not in contact with the mechanical rotation part of the meter, it will not affect the perennial meter operation. At the same time, the photoelectric sensor usually does not work nor electricity, so the life expectancy is greatly extended. The reliable working time of the electronic part is far greater than the service life of the mechanical meter. Therefore, it is suitable for long-term operation and repeated use.
4) In terms of module versatility, the direct reading part of the word wheel of the photoelectric type direct reading meter can be made into an assembly, including a character wheel printed with a special mark, a plywood on the dial, and an electronic part. The assembly can be made by a dedicated manufacturer at a time and can be adapted to most domestic dry and liquid-sealed water meters. Therefore, it has good versatility, strong machinability, and strong adaptability.
4, application:
1) Two types of water meters that can be used for direct photoelectric reading are different in type. Photoelectric transmissive (transmissive) technology can only be applied to dry water meters. Photoelectric reflective technology can be applied not only to dry water meters but also to liquids. Sealed water meter.
The dry water meter is completely isolated from the impeller due to the character wheel box and is connected through a magnetic drive, and the character wheel box generally needs to be sealed and vacuumed. In this way, the optoelectronic device and the circuit board can be mounted inside the device, and it is not influenced by the flowing water and the external environment, and the working reliability is high.
The liquid seal table is a wet water meter. The water flowing through the water meter fills the entire interior of the water meter. The word wheel box is separately designed to keep the dial of the water meter and the figures clear. The tank is filled with a mixture of glycerol and water to maintain the water pressure from the outside. Same pressure. Therefore, the liquid seal of the word wheel is soaked in a mixture of glycerol and water. When photoelectricity is used for transmission (transmission), the electronic device must be immersed in a mixture of glycerin and water, and it must be subjected to a pressure of 1 MPa for a long period of time. This does not work. Therefore, only photoelectric reflection is possible.
When the photoelectric reflection type is used to seal the water meter, only a separate box is designed on the back of the liquid seal wheel box. The optoelectronic device and other electronic equipment are placed inside. After the lid is closed, the resin is injected to seal it. Use it like a dry water meter.
2) In the manufacturing process, the photoelectric reflection-type optoelectronic devices and electronic circuits are installed in a separate box, completely isolated from the outside world, and have excellent working stability and waterproofness after being sealed by the resin. Moreover, this part can be independently produced and tested individually, without affecting the performance of the base meter and ensuring quality. The production process is simple, the assembly is easy, and it is suitable for mass production.
3), photoelectric direct reading technology can not only be applied to small-diameter water meters, but also can be applied to large-diameter water meters, through the configuration of various communications devices and built-in battery, can be widely used in pipe network measurement, special business household measurement, Water resources measurement and other occasions can completely replace the existing manual meter reading mode.
1) Two types of water meters that can be used for direct photoelectric reading are different in type. Photoelectric transmissive (transmissive) technology can only be applied to dry water meters. Photoelectric reflective technology can be applied not only to dry water meters but also to liquids. Sealed water meter.
The dry water meter is completely isolated from the impeller due to the character wheel box and is connected through a magnetic drive, and the character wheel box generally needs to be sealed and vacuumed. In this way, the optoelectronic device and the circuit board can be mounted inside the device, and it is not influenced by the flowing water and the external environment, and the working reliability is high.
The liquid seal table is a wet water meter. The water flowing through the water meter fills the entire interior of the water meter. The word wheel box is separately designed to keep the dial of the water meter and the figures clear. The tank is filled with a mixture of glycerol and water to maintain the water pressure from the outside. Same pressure. Therefore, the liquid seal of the word wheel is soaked in a mixture of glycerol and water. When photoelectricity is used for transmission (transmission), the electronic device must be immersed in a mixture of glycerin and water, and it must be subjected to a pressure of 1 MPa for a long period of time. This does not work. Therefore, only photoelectric reflection is possible.
When the photoelectric reflection type is used to seal the water meter, only a separate box is designed on the back of the liquid seal wheel box. The optoelectronic device and other electronic equipment are placed inside. After the lid is closed, the resin is injected to seal it. Use it like a dry water meter.
2) In the manufacturing process, the photoelectric reflection-type optoelectronic devices and electronic circuits are installed in a separate box, completely isolated from the outside world, and have excellent working stability and waterproofness after being sealed by the resin. Moreover, this part can be independently produced and tested individually, without affecting the performance of the base meter and ensuring quality. The production process is simple, the assembly is easy, and it is suitable for mass production.
3), photoelectric direct reading technology can not only be applied to small-diameter water meters, but also can be applied to large-diameter water meters, through the configuration of various communications devices and built-in battery, can be widely used in pipe network measurement, special business household measurement, Water resources measurement and other occasions can completely replace the existing manual meter reading mode.
Third, photoelectric direct reading remote water meter centralized meter reading system is composed of the table unit (photoelectric direct reading remote water meter), link unit, computer host and system software consists of four parts.
1, table unit: photoelectric direct reading water meter.
1, table unit: photoelectric direct reading water meter.
2, communication link unit:
1) Automatic meter reading system: The communication link unit is based on the RS485/M-BUS bus architecture and consists of a trunk and relay extended three-level bus network. The main equipment includes regional concentrators (or smart data network interfaces), isolated repeaters, and intelligent data network nodes.
2), portable meter reading system: centralized meter reading, portable handwriting device, mobile power
3, computer host: office computer (property management company-owned)
4, centralized meter reading software: software installed in the residential area (property company) or industry sector, the data sent to the concentrator and monitor the entire system running state of the computer system.
Between the remote water meter and the centralized meter reading device is an RS-485 bus connection, a wireless infrared (RF) connection between the centralized meter reading device and the portable hand-written device (the centralized meter reading device is powered by the mobile power supply), and the portable hand-writing device RS-232 connection to the host computer.
The concentrator is an electronic device that collects data signals of multiple direct-reading remote water meters and performs data processing and transmission. Each concentrator can access a large number of direct-reading remote water meters. Usually the meter does not work, nor does it use electricity. Power is supplied via a concentrator or a hand reader only when reading a meter. The concentrator or hand scanner transmits the data to the meter reading and billing computer, and the fee collection software can form a charging system.
4, centralized meter reading software: software installed in the residential area (property company) or industry sector, the data sent to the concentrator and monitor the entire system running state of the computer system.
Between the remote water meter and the centralized meter reading device is an RS-485 bus connection, a wireless infrared (RF) connection between the centralized meter reading device and the portable hand-written device (the centralized meter reading device is powered by the mobile power supply), and the portable hand-writing device RS-232 connection to the host computer.
The concentrator is an electronic device that collects data signals of multiple direct-reading remote water meters and performs data processing and transmission. Each concentrator can access a large number of direct-reading remote water meters. Usually the meter does not work, nor does it use electricity. Power is supplied via a concentrator or a hand reader only when reading a meter. The concentrator or hand scanner transmits the data to the meter reading and billing computer, and the fee collection software can form a charging system.
IV. Conclusions From a measurement technology point of view, the water meter's base meter (mechanical metering of the meter itself) is a measurement, pulsed remote transmission is a secondary measurement, and the primary measurement and the secondary measurement (pulse counting) are synchronized in theory. However, it is impossible to be consistent in the actual implementation process. Because the two kinds of measurement methods of error causes and ways of weakening are not the same. The direct reading technology of photoelectric direct-reading remote water meter is not a measurement technology, but a position recognition technology based on photoelectric technology and microelectronics technology. Therefore, it has nothing to do with the measurement form, measurement accuracy, and measurement method. It can be said to be mechanical measurement. The "display mode" of the tableware represents the real development direction of the remote transmission technology.
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