Simple processing exports, environmental pollution, some emerging industries are taking the old road
Reports on overcapacity in some emerging industries have caused widespread concern in the society. Many industry experts have told reporters that coreless technology is also the main dilemma facing emerging industries.
“I was inspected by a high-tech LED company and found that this company is simply a pseudo-high-tech company. It only assembles and processes imported LED lights, but receives tens of millions of financial support from the government every year.†Zhang Mingxiang, a regional economics expert The reporter told. A similar situation is common in many parts of China.
The development of emerging industries will determine China's world status in the next economic cycle. However, due to the lack of core technologies, some emerging industries continue to develop the traditional industries of “labor-intensive simple processing, high consumption, high pollution, and low profitsâ€. mode.
Phenomenon 1: Most LED companies are assembling factories and only earn processing fees.
The LED industry of environmental protection and energy conservation is currently advancing by leaps and bounds. There are tens of thousands of LED companies in China. Local governments also strongly support development, but many companies are doing low-end production and processing with government subsidies.
Zhang Ming, a regional economic expert, told reporters that he had conducted research in such production enterprises. This company is known as a high-tech enterprise in Shanxi Province. It receives tens of millions of high-tech support funds from Shanxi Province every year, but it has no core technology. The core components (chips) needed for production are imported from Taiwan, and all other components are Purchased, assembled only locally; product assembly is all manual, even the production line is not. The net profit of this company is still less than the government's financial support.
Qu Ruijun, who is doing LED export trade in Shenzhen, told reporters that "the main technical content of LED is in epitaxial wafers and chips, and the profits are also in these two parts. But most enterprises in China have no core technology. Enterprises only earn processing. fee."
Phenomenon 2: Most emerging industries are “both outsideâ€
In addition to LEDs, most of the emerging industries that are currently developing rapidly in China lack core technologies. They are typical “two-outside†companies: key materials come from abroad, products are sold abroad, and most companies are still like traditional processing industries. , doing low-tech work such as packaging components.
According to Zhang Ming, at present, the core technology of China's major new energy equipment is controlled by foreign companies, and the production capacity of high-end products and core components of new energy equipment in China is seriously insufficient. Polysilicon core technology - Trichlorosilane reduction method is monopolized in the hands of a few companies in the United States, Germany, Japan and other countries, it is difficult for Chinese companies to obtain key technologies, and the price of high-purity silicon materials accounts for more than 70% of the cost of solar cells. Without mastering the core technology, most of the profits of the domestic PV industry are offset by costs.
In the field of wind turbine manufacturing, wind power machine manufacturing does have a certain surplus, but the key components, especially the core of the core bearing and control system, the domestic market is still blank.
Lack of technology leads to industry losses
Ma Dexiu, secretary of the National People's Congress of Shanghai Jiaotong University, publicly stated that due to the lack of independent innovation technology, it is necessary to deliver the corresponding intellectual property fees to foreign countries, resulting in high cost of wind power equipment, while the production capacity in the assembly chain is relatively surplus, and the industry profits are generally higher. Low, and even lead to industry losses.
The downstream processing and manufacturing of photovoltaic cell production has over-invested and continuously expanded production capacity, but this is a low-level expansion without core technology support. Once industrial technology is upgraded, the expanding capacity will become a bad asset.
Phenomenon 3: Clean energy into a highly polluting industry
Solar energy and wind energy have always been the development direction of the future energy industry, and have the reputation of “clean energyâ€. At present, some solar energy and wind energy enterprises that are eager for quick success are obviously making money on the premise of sacrificing the environment.
It is reported that the refining of one ton of polysilicon consumes 160,000 kWh and the by-product silicon tetrachloride. From the perspective of unit energy consumption, the energy consumption of producing 1 kW polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules is about 2600 KWh, of which the main energy consumption is in polysilicon. Production. Under the current technical conditions, it belongs to the "two high" type industry. Although some experts said that with the advancement of technology in the future, the energy consumption of the solar photovoltaic industry will drop rapidly, and clean production can be achieved in the production process without pollution. However, domestic PV companies have opportunistically caused pollution.
Reason: The local government is “going fastâ€
Lu Zhengwei, chief economist of Industrial Bank, said yesterday that the lack of core technology in some emerging industries has become a “pseudo-emergingâ€. In fact, it is not unrelated to the guidance of local governments.
Many local governments have been pursuing the scale that they have to achieve in a few years. This has led companies to blindly introduce technology. "Whatever is easy to do, in order to achieve faster development, it will block the road of independent innovation." The local government’s rapid progress has also led to a reduction in their emphasis on the environment and even tolerating high pollution in some emerging industries.
This also gives some corporate policies a slap in the face, such as using high-tech scorpions to defraud bank loans, swindle financial support, and defraud land concessions.
Recommendation: The government should adopt a positive negative attitude
China's "Strategic Emerging Industry Development Plan" is about to be released.
The government is very important for the correct guidance of emerging industries. The political commissar of Lu said that local governments should adopt a "positive negative attitude" when supporting the development of emerging industries. "The government should not choose the technology development track for the enterprise. It must cultivate the mechanism of technological innovation, not the final product. The government should measure it by indicators." Lu political commissar said. Zhang Ming said that in the planning, it is necessary to combine local characteristics and carry out differentiated development. The government's emerging industry support policies should be further refined.
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