The next generation of wireless sensing goes further
When it comes to the gaming industry, you will find that motion sensing is currently at the forefront of technology. Today's leading gaming platforms (and subsequent products) include wireless sensor handheld remote controls. This motion-sensing remote control can be used to represent various sports equipment in real life, such as rackets, swords and steering wheels.
Today's wireless sensor remote control
Today's action game controllers integrate motion sensing functions, allowing infrared LEDs to work in conjunction with the light sensor on the remote control so that it can be used as an accurate pointing device (up to 5m). The controller requires two AA batteries as the power source. If only the accelerometer is powered, the battery life can reach 60 hours; if the accelerometer and the indicator are simultaneously powered, the battery life is only 25 hours.
The accelerometer in the remote control is an analog output with sensitivity of ± 2g and ± 3g. The motion is detected by the accelerometer, the voltage output is sent to the onboard processor, and digitized, and then sent out through the Bluetooth protocol to achieve low power consumption and low input delay, thereby greatly reducing the delay between motion control and game response .
Today's MEMS sensors
MEMS accelerometers are sensing technologies that measure static (due to the constant force of gravity) and dynamic (due to operation or vibration) acceleration, replacing the buttons used in the previous generation of game hardware controls. The accelerometer sensing function is implemented by g-cell (sensing unit). g-cell is a mechanical structure formed using semiconductor processes (masking and etching). It uses semiconductor materials (polysilicon) and is a set of beams connected to a movable central axis; when accelerated, the central axis Move between beams.
Together with the g-cell, the ASIC performs signal amplification, calibration, and filtering functions to provide an output proportional to acceleration. With the integration of MEMS technology in the remote control, it is possible to digitize the motion signals controlled by the game. Over the past few years, the g-cell of the accelerometer has undergone a continuous evolution. It is designed to increase the sensitivity to acceleration changes, while reducing the sensitivity to packaging stress. Packaging stress arises from the board installation process in the printed circuit board (PCB) assembly process. In addition, the design has undergone various structural changes. For example, Freescale has developed a single-axis acceleration sensor that has a trampoline-type G-Cell structure. When acceleration is applied to the X- and Y-axis G-Cells, it acts like a trampoline. tilt. This structure is designed as a cross-finger type, which can move and sense the acceleration of the X and Y axes.
The g-cell design has been changed to an XYZ three-axis sensing structure. In this structure, the crossed fingers sense the X-axis and Y-axis acceleration, and the entire center axis moves up and down to sense the Z-axis acceleration. The emergence of XYZ three-axis sensing solutions has enabled Freescale to further improve product performance while reducing power consumption, cost, and size.
Motion sensors are moving towards higher integration
MEMS accelerometers were originally developed for automotive applications, and they require highly accurate acceleration / deceleration detection to detect crash signals. It was not until the technology was developed that could improve the detection sensitivity in the low acceleration range (low gravity range) that man-machine interface applications appeared. Over the past 10 years, design specifications have focused on the small form factor, low power consumption, higher functional integration, and lower cost targets of the consumer electronics market. This trend is still continuing. The size has now achieved a 3 × 3mm2 package, and features such as automatic wake-up, automatic sleep, threshold, pulse and drop detection are now widely used in products. Freescale MMA7660FC is the best proof of this trend. For example, configuration registers for tap and pulse detection allow customers to specify the threshold level, duration, and debounce filter. By integrating many features within the sensor, customers can quickly implement solutions on their hardware, and there is little need to develop algorithms. This also reduces the processing requirements of the system controller.
Realize more possibilities with wireless
With the improvement of sensor function and intelligence, the function of radio is also increasing. Freescale MC13224V contains a 32-bit ARM7 microcontroller running at 26MHz, two 12-bit analog-to-digital converters, an on-chip IEEE 802.15.4 transceiver, Flash memory, RAM, ROM and all necessary RF matching components. You may ask, what do you need to implement all these processing functions? Many wireless sensor applications require a smarter data transmission and analysis network. All motion processing should be performed on the controller, so that only position and motion vector information is sent to the console, thereby greatly reducing the network load, which is very important for delay-sensitive applications (such as games).
Human sensor network is the missing link
In order for the gaming system to recognize all body movements, it requires the gaming hardware to exceed the traditional handheld controller; therefore, the wireless sensor network on each player is required to perform game control. Sensors installed on the arms, legs, torso and head should support the entire range of motion detection. Human movements are restricted to body joints, but even with these restrictions, it seems that unrestricted movements can be achieved. Accelerometer measurement data, such as the movement and tilt of one upper limb, can be transmitted to the other upper limb that also measures movement and tilt. Each sensor may act as a data node, responsible for measuring data and sending it to the node cluster host, and then determine the overall action. This wireless trunking host is equipped with processing functions and can analyze part or all of the body's movements. The host is also equipped with a higher-bandwidth radio that uses WLAN (IEEE 802.11) or Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) and other protocols to send information to the controller. Because the Bluetooth protocol only allows up to 7 Bluetooth-enabled devices, it works best on the main processing node, sending all the player's action signals to the console. However, there can be no more than 10 nodes on each gaming machine.
The ZigBee protocol is designed for applications that can support multiple radios in specified areas, and these radios need to automatically form a network without user intervention. This is ideal for game controllers. Turn on the controller, you can learn to detect new players, and start the game immediately. Because the ZigBee protocol is designed for low-power applications, it can meet the needs of game controllers very well. In game controllers, reliability, battery life, and versatility are crucial.
in conclusion
At present, there is no standard to define the human sensor network protocol. However, using hardware that is already on the market today, motion algorithms that are still being developed, and the apparent trend of higher accuracy in the field of motion detection in consumer games, game manufacturers can develop their own unique ways to implement data transmission and sensors Data Fusion.
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