A: Processors usually refer to three types of chips: microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors. A microprocessor (MPU) typically represents a powerful CPU, but is not a chip designed for any given computing purpose. This chip is often the core CPU for personal computers and high-end workstations. The most common microprocessors are Motorola's 68K series and Intel's X86 series. Early microcontrollers integrated a computer into a single chip to implement an embedded application, so it was called a single chip microcomputer. Subsequently, in order to better meet the embedded applications in the control field, the microcontrollers have expanded some circuit units that meet the control requirements. Currently, microcontrollers have been widely referred to as microcontrollers (MCUs). There are also microcontrollers developed by microprocessors. For example, Intel's 386EX is a very successful microcontroller version of the 80386 microprocessor. It is the same as the embedded application's microprocessor, also known as the embedded microprocessor. High-end products for embedded processors include ARM from Advanced RISC Machines, MIPS from Silicon Graphics, Power PC from IBM and Motorola, X86 and i960 from Intel, Am386EM from AMD, and SH RISC from Hitachi. The CPUs in digital signal processors (DSPs) are specifically designed to perform discrete-time signal processing calculations extremely fast, such as those where audio and video communications are required. DSPs contain multipliers that perform this type of operation faster than other processors. The most common are TI's TMS320CXX series and Motorola's 5600X series.
2. Q: What is an embedded system? How is it different from a general-purpose microcomputer?A: An embedded system is a collection of computer hardware and software. It includes a processor, which involves direct control of the hardware, is designed to be embedded in the object system to perform a specific function, and is an abbreviation for embedded computer system. For example, microwave ovens are good examples of embedded systems: using people's processors and software to cook. The embedded system is in stark contrast to the home computer (personal computer). Also computer hardware and software, personal computers are not used to perform a specific function, instead, it can do a variety of different things. Therefore, many people use the versatility of computers to distinguish between a general purpose computer (general purpose microcomputer) and a dedicated computer system such as an embedded system. The embedded system can be a microcontroller (single chip microcomputer) or a computer system mainly composed of a microprocessor, and also includes a system composed of digital signal processors (DSPs) and a system on chip SoC (System on Chip). The microcontroller is a single-chip computer designed for embedded applications. In order to expand the requirements of embedded applications, various unit circuits that meet the control needs are continuously expanded on-chip to form a microcontroller that is widely used at present. Therefore, microcontrollers (microcontrollers) are a typical popular embedded system because they have no other use than embedded applications.
3. Q: Is the unit of data transfer rate b/s or baud?A: The data transmission rate of serial communication is generally expressed in bits per second (bits, ie, bit per second), and the unit is b/s. Baud is the baud rate unit. The baud rate refers to the number of signal changes per channel per second, that is, the frequency at which an electrical signal is sent to the communication line. The baud rate is an electrical measurement unit and is not necessarily a unit of data transmission rate on a line. When a data bit is encoded in a signal cycle, bps is equal to the baud rate. If a compression and encoding algorithm is used, the bit transfer rate will exceed the basic baud rate. A UART is only responsible for processing the transmission and reception of electrical signals. In this way, the UART serial port of the microcomputer and the microcontroller is set to receive or transmit at the specified baud rate, thus taking the baud as the unit of the baud rate; The unit that is transmitted on the data line should take b/s, because MODEM generally uses an encoding algorithm to increase the transmission rate.
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