Abstract: With the development and growth of new energy vehicles, vehicle power electronic technology is more widely used, and the application of high-power and high-current high-voltage components in vehicles is becoming more common; therefore, compared with traditional vehicles, new energy vehicles have The electromagnetic compatibility problem of the whole vehicle has become increasingly prominent. In order to effectively integrate China's automotive electromagnetic compatibility certification regulations with the international standards, and promote the internationalization of China's automotive product quality, my country has recently formulated and promulgated the mandatory national standard for vehicle electromagnetic compatibility GB 34660-2017. This article compares GB in detail. The technical differences between 34660-2017 and GB 14023-2011 are analyzed, the current main technical requirements for electromagnetic compatibility of whole vehicles in my country and the problems existing in current standards.
1 Introduction
At the same time, with the continuous development of the power electronics industry, various types of high-voltage, high-current and control circuits are increasingly used, and the electromagnetic environment in space is gradually deteriorating, and the requirements for electromagnetic immunity of the vehicle are getting higher and higher. However, my country's automotive product electromagnetic compatibility certification has always only focused on electromagnetic emission requirements, and there are no specific regulatory requirements for electromagnetic immunity, which is closely related to automotive safety performance, that is, my country's vehicle electromagnetic compatibility regulations need to be further improved.
With the progress of globalization, international regulations have been continuously formulated and improved on the uniform provisions of vehicle certification in terms of electromagnetic compatibility. In order to effectively integrate my country's automotive electromagnetic compatibility certification with international standards, promote the quality improvement and internationalization of China's automotive products, and meet the increasing demand for my country's automotive exports, China needs to formulate more complete vehicle electromagnetic compatibility regulations.
Based on the analysis of the above three aspects, my country has formulated and issued a more complete and adapted electromagnetic compatibility regulation GB 34660-2017 that meets international requirements to replace the original mandatory national standard for vehicle electromagnetic compatibility GB 14023-2011. GB 34660-2017 was released on November 1, 2017 and will be implemented on January 1, 2018. At the same time, based on the implementation date of the standard, it is recommended: 1) For a new model car, 24 months after the implementation date of the standard (ie 2020 January 1st); 2) For production vehicles, the implementation will start 36 months after the standard implementation date (ie, January 1, 2021).
First, this article analyzes in detail the specific requirements of GB 34660-2017 for vehicle testing. Secondly, this article compares the specific differences between GB 34660-2017 and GB 14023-2011. Based on the analysis of the above two aspects, this article also pointed out the problems that still exist in GB 34660-2017, so that automotive electronics designers can improve the electromagnetic compatibility performance of products.
2 GB 34660-2017 main test items
The main framework, test items, test methods, and requirements of the GB 34660-2017 standard and ECE R10.03 regulations are consistent; at the same time, the GB 34660-2017 standard combines the requirements of national standards, international standards and European standards, and the main body is divided into complete vehicles and Two-part test specification for components. This article focuses on the analysis of the electromagnetic compatibility requirements of the vehicle.
First of all, for the vehicle test items, GB 34660-2017 is applicable to both traditional vehicles and new energy vehicles. The main test items include vehicle broadband launch, vehicle narrowband launch, and vehicle immunity. The reference standards of these three vehicle electromagnetic compatibility test items are shown in Table 1. Compared with the GB 14023-2011 standard, the GB 34660-2017 standard vehicle test items have increased the vehicle electromagnetic immunity test, which effectively reduces the hidden dangers of vehicle driving safety caused by environmental electromagnetic interference; and the vehicle broadband emission test has clear requirements The quasi-peak measurement method is adopted.
Table 1 Reference basis for GB34660-2017 vehicle test items
Secondly, compared to the GB 14023-2011 standard, the GB 34660-2017 standard also compulsively increases the test requirements for the electromagnetic compatibility of components. The electromagnetic compatibility test items and reference standards of the components are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Reference Basis of GB34660-2017 Parts Test Items
3 Comparison of GB 34660-2017 and GB14023-2011 vehicle launch test technology
First of all, from the perspective of the scope of application of the standard, GB14023-2011 is applicable to vehicles, boats, and devices with drive engines, while GB34660-2017 is only applicable to vehicles.
Secondly, in terms of limit requirements, bandwidth settings, etc., GB14023-2011 has a variety of options and is a universal standard; and GB 34660-2017, as a product standard, clearly stipulates these specific settings and is more equipped with products. Standard operability. Moreover, the limit requirements of GB 34660-2017 are more stringent than GB14023-2011. The specific comparison is shown in Table 3.
Third, in the electromagnetic emission test of the vehicle, there are differences in the vehicle operating state, antenna position, data processing and analysis, and evaluation method specified in the two standards. See Table 4 for detailed comparison and analysis. Among them, the working state of the prototype vehicle specified in GB 34660-2017 is more comprehensive and more reasonable than GB14023-2011; at the same time, the analysis in Table 4 points out the problems that still exist in GB 34660-2017.
Table 3 Comparison of GB34660-2017 and GB 14023-2011 vehicle emission limit requirements
Table 4 Comparison of GB34660-2017 and GB 14023-2011 vehicle emission measurement methods
4 GB 34660-2017 Vehicle anti-disturbance test
Compared with GB14023-2011, GB 34660-2017 has added relevant regulations for vehicle anti-interference test to investigate functions related to electromagnetic safety.
In the anti-disturbance test of the whole vehicle, the vehicle status and failure judgment criteria are shown in Table 5. Table 5 details the working status of each component during the anti-interference test of the vehicle, as well as specific and accurate failure judgment criteria, which provides a clear basis for the development of the test.
At the same time, GB 34660-2017 clearly stipulates the requirements that should be met in the anti-interference test to establish the reference point for establishing the field strength, the polarization direction of the antenna (vertical polarization) and the modulation method of the experimental signal in the test frequency band 20MHz~2000MHz, Field strength calibration method and other content.
Therefore, for the immunity test of the whole vehicle, GB 34660-2017 provides a very clear and comprehensive test basis.
Table 5 Vehicle immunity test conditions and failure judgment criteria
5 Problems and suggestions in GB 34660-2017
Through the comparative analysis of the above content, compared with the general standard GB14023-2011, GB 34660-2017 has more comprehensive vehicle electromagnetic compatibility test items and stricter test requirements; that is, after meeting the test requirements of GB 34660-2017, there is no need Then provide the test report of GB14023-2011 related test items. However, as stated in Table 4 in Part 3, GB 34660-2017 does not provide enough detail and clarity on the vehicle operating status and antenna test location for broadband emission and narrowband emission test items.
First of all, for the vehicle status in the broadband emission test project, this article suggests that the operating status of the drive system (engine, electric motor, hybrid engine and electric motor) can refer to the relevant regulations of GB14023-2011. At the same time, clarify the specific working status of other electrical systems, such as whether the position lights, front and rear fog lights, low beam lights, and hazard warning lights are working; the brightness of the combined instrument backlight; the working speed of the front wiper; the radio frequency and volume; the working status of the air conditioner ( Cooling or heating, temperature, wind speed, circulation mode, airflow mode, etc.); the position of the driver's seat, the position of the power window, whether the seat belt is fastened, and whether the central control door is locked.
Secondly, for the vehicle status in the narrowband emission test project, while meeting the relevant regulations of GB 34660-2017, the specific working status of other electrical systems should also be clarified, such as whether position lights, front and rear fog lights, low beam lights, and hazard warning lights are working ; The brightness of the combined instrument backlight; the working speed of the front wiper; the frequency and volume of the radio; the working status of the air conditioner (cooling or heating, temperature, wind speed, circulation mode, air flow mode, etc.); the position of the driver's seat, the position of the power window , Whether to wear a seat belt, and whether the central control door is locked.
Thirdly, for the specific placement of antennas in broadband and narrowband emission test projects, this article proposes two suggestions: (1) Adopt GB14023-2011, that is, the antenna is located on the left and right sides of the vehicle with horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively. It is measured by polarization, and the center of the engine or drive motor is on the normal line of the midpoint of the antenna. (2) Adopt the provisions of GB/T 18387-2017, that is, the antenna is located at the front and rear of the vehicle, and on the center line of the vehicle; the antenna is located at the left and right positions of the vehicle, and on the center line between the front and rear axles.
6 Conclusion
Based on the analysis of the test content and basis of the national compulsory vehicle electromagnetic compatibility standard GB 34660-2017, this article compares the specific differences between GB 34660-2017 and the replaced GB14023-2011 in detail; at the same time, this article points out the GB 34660-2017 34660-2017 still exists some problems, and gives relevant suggestions.
It is hoped that this article will provide some help for automotive electronics designers to improve the electromagnetic compatibility performance of their products, and automotive test engineers to successfully carry out vehicle electromagnetic compatibility testing.
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