The crystal oscillator is an abbreviation for quartz crystal oscillator. A crystal is an electronic component used to stabilize the frequency and select the frequency. Crystal oscillators are high precision and highly stable oscillators that are used in a wide variety of circuits to generate clock signals for data processing equipment and to provide reference signals for specific systems.
Crystal identification
There are four main types of crystal oscillators in the notebook motherboard.
(1) Clock chip crystal:
The crystal oscillator is connected to the clock chip to provide a fixed clock frequency of 14.318MHz for the clock chip. When it is damaged, there will be a fault that cannot be displayed when the power is turned on, because it needs to provide a clock frequency for multiple circuits, and between the two pins of the crystal oscillator. The voltage is generally around 1V, and the clock crystal is as shown.
(2) South Bridge Crystal:
The crystal oscillator is connected to the south bridge at a frequency of 32.768 K. Hz. After the crystal oscillator is damaged, the time may be inaccurate. After severe damage, the crystal may not be turned on. The voltage of the two legs of the crystal is generally around 0.5V, and the crystal oscillator is as shown. Although the crystal has 4 legs, two of them are fixed and there is no connection circuit.
(3) NIC crystal oscillator:
The crystal oscillator is connected to the network card chip at a frequency of 25.000 MHz. When the crystal oscillator is damaged, the laptop network card may not work or the network card may not be detected at all. The voltage between the two pins of the crystal is generally around 1V. The NIC crystal oscillator is shown in the figure. The crystal oscillator is also 4 pins, two of which are useful, the other two are fixed and there is no connection circuit.
(4) Sound card crystal:
The crystal oscillator is connected to the sound card at a frequency of 24.576 MHz. When the crystal oscillator is damaged, the notebook computer motherboard may be silent or the sound card may not be detected at all. The voltage between the two pins of the crystal is generally about 1V. The two modes of the crystal are basically the same as those of the above crystal, which are not illustrated here.
The quality of the crystal is judged:
The normal measurement method of the crystal oscillator is to measure whether the actual frequency is the nominal frequency by an oscilloscope. However, in actual maintenance, if there is no oscilloscope, you can use a digital multimeter to hit the diode file to measure its two pins. At this time, the multimeter should The display resistance is infinite, otherwise the internal vibration of the crystal is damaged. But the reverse is not true, that is, using a multimeter to measure its resistance at both ends to infinity does not necessarily mean that it is good, or it may damage the internal open circuit. Therefore, if you really doubt it, it is better to replace it. In the process of crystal replacement, it is best to choose the same type and frequency of the crystal to replace, so the success rate will be higher, otherwise, it is likely to not work.
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